我们开发了一种贝叶斯方法,以预测从具有多通道(即多维张量)结构的多个来源收集的数据的连续或二元结果。作为一个激励示例,我们将来自多个'Omics源的分子数据考虑在多个发育时间点上测量,作为恒河猴模型中早期铁缺乏症(ID)的预测指标。我们在系数上使用具有低级别结构的线性模型来捕获多路依赖性,并在每个源分别对系数的方差进行建模以推断其相对贡献。共轭先验促进了有效的吉布斯采样算法以进行后推理,假设有正常误差的连续结果或具有概率链接的二元结果。模拟表明,我们的模型在错误分类速率和估计系数与真实系数的相关性方面的性能如预期的,在考虑到不同来源的不同信号大小时,通过合并多路结构和适度的增长,可以通过稳定的性能增长。此外,它为我们的激励应用提供了可靠的ID猴子分类。以R代码形式的软件可在https://github.com/biostatskim/bayesmsmw上获得。
translated by 谷歌翻译
This paper addresses the problem of position estimation in UAVs operating in a cluttered environment where GPS information is unavailable. A model learning-based approach is proposed that takes in the rotor RPMs and past state as input and predicts the one-step-ahead position of the UAV using a novel spectral-normalized memory neural network (SN-MNN). The spectral normalization guarantees stable and reliable prediction performance. The predicted position is transformed to global coordinate frame which is then fused along with the odometry of other peripheral sensors like IMU, barometer, compass etc., using the onboard extended Kalman filter to estimate the states of the UAV. The experimental flight data collected from a motion capture facility using a micro-UAV is used to train the SN-MNN. The PX4-ECL library is used to replay the flight data using the proposed algorithm, and the estimated position is compared with actual ground truth data. The proposed algorithm doesn't require any additional onboard sensors, and is computationally light. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with the current state-of-art GPS-denied algorithms, and it can be seen that the proposed algorithm has the least RMSE for position estimates.
translated by 谷歌翻译
降水控制地球气候,其日常时空波动具有重大的社会经济影响。通过改善温度和压力等各种物理领域的预测来衡量数值天气预测(NWP)的进步;然而,降水预测中存在很大的偏见。我们通过深度学习来增强著名的NWP模型CFSV2的输出,以创建一个混合模型,该模型在1日,2天和3天的交货时间内改善了短期全局降水量。为了混合使用,我们通过使用修改的DLWP-CS体系结构来解决全局数据的球形,从而将所有字段转换为立方体投影。动态模型沉淀和表面温度输出被喂入改良的DLWP-CS(UNET),以预测地面真相降水。虽然CFSV2的平均偏差为土地+5至+7毫米/天,但多元深度学习模型将其降低到-1至+1 mm/天。卡特里娜飓风在2005年,伊万飓风,2010年的中国洪水,2005年的印度洪水和2008年的缅甸风暴纳尔吉斯(Myanmar Storm Nargis)用于确认混合动力学深度学习模型的技能大大提高。 CFSV2通常在空间模式中显示中度至大偏置,并在短期时间尺度上高估了沉淀。拟议的深度学习增强了NWP模型可以解决这些偏见,并大大改善了预测降水的空间模式和幅度。与CFSV2相比,深度学习增强了CFSV2在重要的土地区域的平均偏差为1天铅1天。时空深度学习系统开辟了途径,以进一步提高全球短期降水预测的精度和准确性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
语言模型既展示了定量的改进,又展示了新的定性功能,随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响,但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息,为破坏性的新模型能力做准备,并改善社会有害的效果,至关重要的是,我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战,我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准(Big Bench)。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成,由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的,从语言学,儿童发展,数学,常识性推理,生物学,物理学,社会偏见,软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号,Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为,跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外,一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务,以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括:模型性能和校准都随规模改善,但绝对的术语(以及与评估者的性能相比);在模型类中的性能非常相似,尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分,而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标;社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加,但这可以通过提示来改善。
translated by 谷歌翻译
非神经和神经生物系统都可以学习。因此,与其专注于纯粹类似大脑的学习,不如在研究物理系统中学习学习。这样的努力包括平衡传播(EP)和耦合学习(CL),它们需要存储两个不同的状态 - 自由状态以及扰动的状态,以保留有关梯度的信息。受粘液模具的启发,我们提出了一种植根于化学信号传导的新学习算法,该算法不需要两个不同的状态。相反,输出误差信息是以与激活/前馈信号相似的化学信号中的化学信号编码。稳态反馈化学浓度以及激活信号在本地存储所需的梯度信息。我们使用物理,线性流网络应用算法,并使用具有93%精度的虹膜数据集对其进行测试。我们还证明我们的算法执行梯度下降。最后,除了将我们的算法与EP和CL进行比较外,我们还解决了该算法的生物学合理性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
由于不断增长的计算要求,深度学习(DL)的能源消耗和碳足迹的增加已成为引起人们关注的原因。在这项工作中,我们关注开发医学图像分析模型(MIA)的碳足迹,其中处理了高空间分辨率的体积图像。在这项研究中,我们介绍并比较了文献中四种工具的特征,以量化DL的碳足迹。使用这些工具之一,我们估计了医学图像分割管道的碳足迹。我们选择NNU-NET作为医疗图像分割管道的代理,并在三个常见数据集上进行实验。在我们的工作中,我们希望告知MIA产生的能源成本不断增加。我们讨论了削减环境影响的简单策略,以使模型选择和培训过程更加有效。
translated by 谷歌翻译
智能手机已经使用基于生物识别的验证系统,以在高度敏感的应用中提供安全性。视听生物识别技术因其可用性而受欢迎,并且由于其多式化性质,欺骗性将具有挑战性。在这项工作中,我们介绍了一个在五个不同最近智能手机中捕获的视听智能手机数据集。考虑到不同的现实情景,这个新数据集包含在三个不同的会话中捕获的103个科目。在该数据集中获取三种不同的语言,以包括扬声器识别系统的语言依赖性问题。这些数据集的这些独特的特征将为实施新的艺术技术的单向或视听扬声器识别系统提供途径。我们还报告了DataSet上的基准标记的生物识别系统的性能。生物识别算法的鲁棒性朝向具有广泛实验的重播和合成信号等信号噪声,设备,语言和呈现攻击等多种依赖性。获得的结果提出了许多关于智能手机中最先进的生物识别方法的泛化特性的担忧。
translated by 谷歌翻译
The rise in data has led to the need for dimension reduction techniques, especially in the area of non-scalar variables, including time series, natural language processing, and computer vision. In this paper, we specifically investigate dimension reduction for time series through functional data analysis. Current methods for dimension reduction in functional data are functional principal component analysis and functional autoencoders, which are limited to linear mappings or scalar representations for the time series, which is inefficient. In real data applications, the nature of the data is much more complex. We propose a non-linear function-on-function approach, which consists of a functional encoder and a functional decoder, that uses continuous hidden layers consisting of continuous neurons to learn the structure inherent in functional data, which addresses the aforementioned concerns in the existing approaches. Our approach gives a low dimension latent representation by reducing the number of functional features as well as the timepoints at which the functions are observed. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through multiple simulations and real data examples.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Differentiable rendering aims to compute the derivative of the image rendering function with respect to the rendering parameters. This paper presents a novel algorithm for 6-DoF pose estimation through gradient-based optimization using a differentiable rendering pipeline. We emphasize two key contributions: (1) instead of solving the conventional 2D to 3D correspondence problem and computing reprojection errors, images (rendered using the 3D model) are compared only in the 2D feature space via sparse 2D feature correspondences. (2) Instead of an analytical image formation model, we compute an approximate local gradient of the rendering process through online learning. The learning data consists of image features extracted from multi-viewpoint renders at small perturbations in the pose neighborhood. The gradients are propagated through the rendering pipeline for the 6-DoF pose estimation using nonlinear least squares. This gradient-based optimization regresses directly upon the pose parameters by aligning the 3D model to reproduce a reference image shape. Using representative experiments, we demonstrate the application of our approach to pose estimation in proximity operations.
translated by 谷歌翻译